制(zhi)冷(leng)的(de)(de)主要目的(de)(de)是(shi)降低封閉空間和材料的(de)(de)溫度，并保持(chi)降低的(de)(de)溫度，有時降低相(xiang)對濕度。冷(leng)卻這(zhe)個術語通(tong)常(chang)是(shi)指任何自然或人工(gong)的(de)(de)散(san)熱過(guo)程

以食(shi)品工業為例，食(shi)品中微(wei)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)的生長(chang)與溫度(du)(du)密(mi)切相關。如果控(kong)制溫度(du)(du)，就可以控(kong)制微(wei)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)的生長(chang)。當溫度(du)(du)低于10℃時(shi)，微(wei)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)的生長(chang)速度(du)(du)明顯減慢。冷藏可以降(jiang)低儲存食(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中微(wei)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)的產(chan)生速度(du)(du)，給(gei)我們(men)帶來更加美(mei)味和方便的生活體驗。

   在工業生(sheng)產中，物(wu)料的低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)酵需要(yao)在零度(du)或超低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)進行，這是在室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)無法完成(cheng)的，因此制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)環(huan)節尤為(wei)關鍵什(shen)么是制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)?制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)由壓(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)、冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝器(qi)(qi)、節流元件和(he)蒸發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)四個(ge)基本(ben)部件組成(cheng)。四個(ge)主要(yao)部件由銅管按(an)一(yi)定順序連接，形成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)封(feng)閉系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)內充有一(yi)定量的制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑。氟利(li)昂(ang)(ang)和(he)R22在過去被用作空調(diao)的制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑以制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)為(wei)例，壓(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)從蒸發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)中吸(xi)出低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)壓(ya)氟利(li)昂(ang)(ang)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)，壓(ya)縮(suo)成(cheng)高溫(wen)(wen)高壓(ya)氟利(li)昂(ang)(ang)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)，流經毛(mao)細管，節流成(cheng)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)壓(ya)氟利(li)昂(ang)(ang)汽液(ye)兩相，低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)壓(ya)氟利(li)昂(ang)(ang)液(ye)再吸(xi)收蒸發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)內室(shi)內空氣(qi)的熱量，變成(cheng)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)壓(ya)氟利(li)昂(ang)(ang)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)，低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)壓(ya)氟利(li)昂(ang)(ang)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)由壓(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)吸(xi)入。

   室內空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)通(tong)過(guo)蒸(zheng)發器釋放熱量，空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)溫(wen)度下降。這(zhe)樣重復壓縮冷(leng)(leng)凝節流(liu)蒸(zheng)發的(de)(de)循環(huan)，制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑不斷地帶走室內空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)的(de)(de)熱量，從而降低制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系統的(de)(de)室溫(wen)。壓縮冷(leng)(leng)凝節流(liu)蒸(zheng)發是制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)工藝的(de)(de)四大要素(su)，而完成這(zhe)一(yi)工藝的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)就是制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)設(she)備(bei)。為(wei)了使制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)更加人(ren)性(xing)化(hua)(hua)和智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)，現代制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)技術通(tong)常增加一(yi)些(xie)集成模塊來實現智能(neng)(neng)操作(zuo)界(jie)面、遠(yuan)程控制(zhi)(zhi)和電路保護裝置等一(yi)系列功能(neng)(neng)。